The Discoverer of Insulin: Dr. Frederick G. Banting by I.E. Levine

I read this Messner published biography back in the summer, but I’m just now getting around to reviewing it. The dust jacket blurb says in a nutshell somethings of what I learned from the book:

“When Frederick Banting discovered insulin, he gave millions of doomed diabetics the gift of life. . . . Banting grew up on a farm in Canada. When his tomboy playmate Jane died at fourteen of diabetes, he was determined to one day find the cause of this mysterious disease. . . . Banting became a university instructor and researcher. He was still puzzled by the mysterious disease of diabetes. . . With Charles Best, his assistant, Banting sweated in a grimy attic laboratory, racing the time allotted him by Toronto University. Alternately sure of success and plunged into despair, they hung on grimly through a series of experiments. They succeeded in discovering Hormone X, but it took many, many months before they perfected the wonder drug—insulin.”

That’s the short version of the story. But I learned so much more about medical research and diabetes and early twentieth century medicine. Did you know:

* Until insulin, six out of every ten diabetics died of coma. And almost every juvenile diabetes sufferer died within a few years of diagnosis. Diabetes was a death sentence.

* Banting started out as an orthopedic surgeon, not an internal medicine doctor.

* Banting and Best killed a number of dogs in their experiments to isolate and produce what they called “isletin” (insulin), but they considered the dogs as “soldiers in the war against disease” and treated them as humanely as possible.

* Much of the research time they spent was unpaid. Banting and Best lived in poverty while they conducted their experiments to find the hormone that would control diabetes in those who were diagnosed with the “sugar sickness.”

* Banting received the Nobel Prize for his work on insulin, but instead of recognizing Charles Best as co-discoverer, the Nobel Prize committee named Dr. Macleod, the head researcher at Toronto University, who had been less than encouraging in the research of Banting and Best and not present for most of it.

As I have often said, I am interested in many things. This biography of a revolutionary doctor and medical researcher was an inspiration to persevere in the calling that I have been given, no matter how small. I’m not going to change the lives of millions of people with an incurable disease, but I am called to be faithful just as Banting was.

Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson: Books of Faith

Book Girl: A Journey Through the Treasures & Transforming Power of a Reading Life by Sarah Clarkson.

Book Girl Discussion Question #9: In chapter 5, the author describes the role literature played in making her faith her own: ‘Tolkien’s story helped me to recognize Scripture as my story, the one in whose decisive battles I was caught, the narrative that drew me into the conflict, requiring me to decide what part I would play: heroine, coward, lover, or villain.’ What impact have books had on your faith and your discovery of self? Are there particular books or passages that have been especially meaningful to you on your spiritual journey?

Of course, The Book itself. I’m particularly drawn to the Psalms.

Definitely C.S. Lewis, both through his fiction and his nonfiction, has been a defining influence in my understanding of Christianity and of my relationship with God.

I’m also indebted to Christian authors such as Keith Miller, Bruce Larson, Elisabeth Elliot, Josh McDowell, G.K. Chesterton, Charles Colson, Corrie Ten Boom, Richard Foster, and Beth Moore.

Or to list it another way, here are a few of the Christian nonfiction books that have influenced and strengthened my faith:

The Practice of the Presence of God by Brother Lawrence. A small but wonderful book about praying without ceasing.

Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis. Absolutely formative. Everyone should read Lewis, starting with this book. (Well, maybe start with Narnia, then Mere Christianity.)

Celebration of Discipline by Richard Foster. This book introduced me to the idea of “spiritual disciplines” and why it’s important to observe them.

Evidence That Demands a Verdict by Josh McDowell. I didn’t memorize all of the copious evidences that Mr. McDowell presents in this huge apologetic encyclopedia, but I did learn that there were answers to most intellectual questions about the Bible and Christianity.

Orthodoxy by G.K. Chesterton.

The Edge of Adventure: An Experiment in Faith by Keith Miller and Bruce Larson. This book did more to disciple me as a teenage Christian than any other book outside of the Bible. It might be somewhat dated now, but it was very helpful back in the day.

Keep a Quiet Heart by Elisabeth Elliot. Straight talk, no nonsense devotional thoughts from Ms. Elliot’s newsletters and books.

Loving God by Charles W. Colson. I found this to be thought-provoking and inspiring, especially since I had already read Chuck Colson’s autobiographical memoir of his conversion during the Nixon years, Born Again.

The Hiding Place by Corrie Ten Boom, Joni by Joni Eareckson, and God’s Smuggler by Brother Andrew were all inspiring biographies that shaped my Christian walk as well. And I’m sure I missed some other books that were just as inspirational and formative. What books other than the Bible have shaped your thinking about God, Christ, and Christianity?

Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson: Books That Shaped Me

Book Girl: A Journey Through the Treasures & Transforming Power of a Reading Life by Sarah Clarkson.

Book Girl Discussion Question #8: In chapter 4, the author says, ‘A great book meets you in the narrative motion of your own life, showing you in vividly imagined ways exactly what it looks like to be evil or good, brave or cowardly, each of those choices shaping the happy (or tragic) ending of the stories in which they’re made.’ In what ways have books shaped the story of your life?

These are the books I chose to list in a post about books that shaped or defined me back in 2005:

1. A Severed Wasp by Madeleine L’Engle. Why did this book impress me so much when I first read it several years ago? It’s about real people attempting to live authentic lives in New York City. It’s about community and how that community is formed. I’m very interested in how families interact, how intentional communities are formed and sustained, especially artistic communities and Christian communities. I think there’s something more there, too, but I can’t put my finger on it.

2. A Severe Mercy by Sheldon Van Auken. Van Auken tells the story of how he re-lived his life with his wife, Davey, after her death, by listening to the music they listened to together and re-reading the books they read together. It may sound maudlin, but it’s not. He also comes to terms with his loss and with the flaws in their relationship and with priorities, how marriage partners who find their ultimate security in Christ and His love can grow closer to each other. But those who hold onto each other jealously and possesively lose the thing they most want to preserve. I think I’m married the way I’m married, very happily I must say, partly because of this book.

3. Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton. C.S. Lewis talks about joy as an elusive longing for Something that is just out of reach. Tragedy is also an elusive feeling that depends on just the right combination of circumstances. Paton’s book about South Africa under the apartheid system and about the power of forgiveness to redeem, sometimes, is truly tragic. I also think this is what life is like: essentially hopeful, but tragic in the short run. Sometimes the Good is too little , too late.

4. Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis. Life-changing. Lewis puts into words what I believe and why I believe. Definitely part of my mind’s landscape along with the Narnia books, The Screwtape Letters, The Great Divorce, and Till We Have Faces.

5. My first homeschooling book was John Holt’s Teach Your Own. This was before I had any children. Even though I use workbooks and curricula with my children, the unschooling, easygoing, let them teach themselves, philosophy is a part of my homeschool, too. I do want them to learn to learn and to enjoy learning, to be self-educators. I’m also drawn again to the sense of community that is present in Holt’s books.

6. The book that most shaped my life as a young Christian teenager was The Edge of Adventure by Keith Miller and Bruce Larson. I haven’t re-read this book in a long while, and I suspect it’s full of what I would now consider psycho-babble. But at the time the emphasis, again (note the recurring theme), on Christian community and basic Christian disciplines was exactly what I needed to hear. A lot of my ideas about prayer and discerning God’s will and following Christ in obedience came from this book.

7. All the Way Home by Mary Pride. I know that Mary Pride is a lightning rod for criticism and controversy, but her ideas about home and family being a center for economic, spiritual, and social influence were and are liberating for me.

8. The Hobbit by JRR Tolkien. Either I’m focused on the ideal of community tonight or else the theme of my whole adult life is comunity and how families come together to form real communities. I’ve wanted to live in Hobbiton, in a nice little hobbit-hole, ever since I first read Tolkien in the late 1960’s.

9. No Graven Image by Elizabeth Elliot. A young missionary finds that God is trustworthy, but not necessarily fathomable. I find the same to be true in my Christian life. This novel and the book of Job are my mainstays in the time of suffering and difficulty.

10. Cheaper by the Dozen by Ernestine and Frank Gilbreth. Was it from this book or somewhere else that I got the idea that it could be fun to have a lot of children and to teach them things in my own home? I think some of the nonfiction I listed above (and life) fleshed out the details, but Cheaper by the Dozen planted the seed of an idea long before I even realized the idea was there.

Hard task. On another day, I’d probably pick an entirely different set of books. And I didn’t even begin to list my childhood influences–the picturebooks that formed my imagination and the chapter books that made me think and made me grow. I’ll save all that for another post, but the ten books above have definitely shaped and do continue to define who I am. What books made you who you are or confirmed your direction in life and work?

I might tweak the list a bit after more than ten years of continued contemplation:

Instead of Mary Pride’s book, I would list The Hidden Art of Homemaking by Edith Schaeffer. Mrs. Schaeffer’s books about incorporating art into everyday life is and was inspiring to me as I lived a typical suburban life—and did it in sometimes not-so-typical ways.

The Hobbit was certainly an influence, but perhaps The Lord of the Rings did even more to give me images and role models for courage and perseverance and finding joy in the small things in life.

What books have shaped or defined your life and thought?

Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson: Reading in Fellowship

Book Girl: A Journey Through the Treasures & Transforming Power of a Reading Life by Sarah Clarkson.

Book Girl Discussion Question #5: In chapter 2 the author gives suggestions for reading in fellowship. Do any of these recommendations resonate with you? Are there any that you’d like to implement?

Sarah’s suggestions and my response to each:

Start a book group. I’ve been wanting to do this for quite a while, and it’s just now coming together. Our first book club meeting is this week, and we’re discussing Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson! I’m excited about this new adventure with a group of ladies that I love and whose opinions I value.

Start a read aloud poetry group. This kind of group is something else I’ve considered for a while, but I think I’ll stick to the books club for now. Maybe we’ll eventually incorporate poetry into the book club meetings.

Start a book blog. Been there, done that. I began this blog back in 2003, (wow!), and it’s still going. Thank you to all the readers I’ve met online who have interacted with me here at Semicolon. I’ve enjoyed all the discussions of books and reading and even current events that have taken place here in my little corner of the internet, and I look forward to much more literary review and reflection.

Consider a local or online course in literature. Not now for me, but I have enjoyed the literature courses I’ve taken in the past.

I have a couple more suggestions for reading in community:

Join an online reading group or book club. If you can’t get an in-person book club started, there are many reading challenges and books clubs online. Modern Mrs. Darcy has an online community where readers discuss books that are selected by the inimitable Anne Bogel. Literary Life Podcast with Angelina Stanford and Cindy Rollins has a reading discussion group on Facebook. If you’re a member of the Reshelving Alexandria Facebook page, there’s a Reshelving Alexandria Reads page as well where members discuss specific book selections. There are many, many others as well.

Find a reading partner. Unlike a book club, which does take a lot of planning and organization, just getting together with a friend once or twice a month to discuss what each of you is reading is a low-stress, low-maintenance way to read in community. I do this kind of discussion informally with my library patrons, and I can see ways to incorporate more reading discussions into my life with friends and family.

How do you find ways to talk about books and reading with your reading friends? Or to use Sarah Clarkson’s terms, how do you “read in community or in fellowship”?

Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson: Reading Slump

Book Girl: A Journey Through the Treasures & Transforming Power of a Reading Life by Sarah Clarkson.

Book Girl Discussion Question #4: Have you ever found yourself in a reading slump? How did you get out of it? Are there certain books or types of books that help you when you’ve gotten out of the rhythm of reading?

I’ve never really been in a reading slump. Reading to me is as necessary as eating. I have had times, especially lately, in the past few years, when my reading ability seemed to be impaired or limited. I was still reading, but the attentiveness and focus were just not there. I blame the internet. When I just can’t seem to pay proper attention to anything difficult or serious, I turn to comfort books, books that will always hold my attention:

Anything Jeeves and Bertie by P.G. Wodehouse.

Agatha Christie mysteries.

Rex Stout mysteries.

Jan Karon’s Mitford series.

Anne of Green Gables and the sequels by L.M. Montgomery.

These kinds of books, most of which I’ve already read once upon a time, will give me just enough entertainment and interest to pull me into a longer, more focussed attention span, and then I can move on to books I haven’t already read and try them out.

All it takes, really, to get back into “the rhythm of reading” is one really good book. One Good Book gives a reader hope for finding more good books, don’t you think?

Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson: How To Choose Books

Book Girl: A Journey Through the Treasures & Transforming Power of a Reading Life by Sarah Clarkson.

Book Girl Discussion Question #3: In chapter 1, the author offers some guidelines about how to choose books and how to discern what constitutes good reading. How do you choose what book to read next? Are there people in your life whose recommendations you particularly resonate with?

Sarah Clarkson suggests we look at literary quality and worldview as we decide to which books we will give our time and attention. These are good criteria, but a bit slippery and subjective to apply. Many books that are supposed to be high in literary quality or that have a perfectly adequate Christian worldview are just not good for me. So, how do I choose what I will read? (Anne Bogel, aka Modern Mrs. Darcy, phrases the question, “What should I read next?,” and she has an entire podcast dedicated to answering that question for a diverse cast of guests on her podcast.)

I read a lot about books. I read other people’s recommendations. I listen to what other people are saying about what they are reading, and I consider the source. I don’t care for Christian romance novels or secular bodice-rippers, so if I know that your taste runs to those sorts of books, I probably will take your recommendations with a large grain of salt. On the other hand, if you love some of the same books that I love, I will listen to your recommendations with focused attention.

I try out books that I think I will like, and I’m willing to give up after 100 pages or so if a books is just not for me. I think both being willing to try new things and being willing to say that this book is just not worth my time are important skills to learn for a reader. I can’t read all of the books, and some of them are just not good—or not good for me at this time and place in my life. I don’t care for, and didn’t finish, several books that are favorites, even classics, for other people. I hated Lonesome Dove, even though I can read and enjoy other Western writers. I don’t plan to read any more Hemingway or Steinbeck in my lifetime, and I thought A Prayer for Owen Meany was both ridiculous and demeaning. But I did try all of those authors and books at least once, and if they are your favorites I do not impugn your literary taste. It’s probably something lacking in me that I cannot appreciate some books that many other people love.

I pick up whatever is handy or appealing. I make lists. I read whimsically and widely. I sometimes make a plan, and I sometimes throw out the plan. I read the latest, greatest that everyone else is reading, and I read obscure books that hardly anyone else has even heard of or read.

How do you choose your next read?

Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson: Gifts of Reading

Book Girl: A Journey Through the Treasures & Transforming Power of a Reading Life by Sarah Clarkson.

Book Girl Discussion Question #2: In the introduction, the author identifies what she sees as the top three gifts of reading: it fills our hearts with beauty, gives us strength for the battle, and reminds us that we’re not alone. What gifts have you encountered from the reading life?

Sarah Clarkson actually terms these three desires “the wishes, the hopes that ache in my heart, . . . my prayers for you as this book begins.”

I want your heart to be stocked with beauty.

I want you to be strong for the battle.

I want you to know you’re not alone.

I suppose if I were to talk about “book gifts” in the same manner, I would say:

I want you to know more than a single story.

“The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story.” ~Chimamanda Ngozi

I don’t agree with everything Ms. Ngozi says in this TED Talk, but I do believe in reading widely, wisely, and promiscuously, as John Milton famously advised.

I want you to see the amazing world that God created, in all of its beauty and brokenness.

“The books or the music in which we thought the beauty was located will betray us if we trust them; it was not IN them, it only came THROUGH them, and what came through them was longing. These things-the beauty, the memory of our own past- are good images of what we really desire; but if they are mistaken for the thing itself they turn into dumb idols, breaking the hearts of their worshippers. For they are not the thing itself; they are only the scent of a flower we have not found, the echo of a tune which we have not heard, news from a country we have not visited.” ~C. S. Lewis

Even if you are limited in your ability to travel or to communicate with people from all over the world, it is a good thing to be able, through reading, to see all the diversity and splendor and sheer goodness that exists in our world. It’s good even to see the different ways in which our world falls short of what God intended it to be so that we can perhaps in small ways begin to repair and rebuild and redeem what is shattered by sin. Books help us to see more, and know more, and be able to do more.

I want you to be challenged and comforted by the stories of other people.

A book is the only place in which you can examine a fragile thought without breaking it, or explore an explosive idea without fear it will go off in your face…. It is one of the few havens remaining where a man’s mind can get both provocation and privacy.
~Edward P. Morgan

The books I have read and the people I have known have made me into the person I am, for better or for worse. Of course, the Holy Spirit is making and remaking me also, but He uses books and people to do that work. Sometimes the books I read challenge my thinking or my actions, and sometimes the stories I read comfort and strengthen and encourage me, but always the best books change me and make me better than I was before I read them.

What about you? What gifts do you receive, or want others to receive, from reading?

Book Girl by Sarah Clarkson

Book Girl: A Journey Through the Treasures & Transforming Power of a Reading Life by Sarah Clarkson.

Book Girl is one of those books about books that we readers love to read, both to join in the fandom and to peruse the book lists to see how many we can check off and how many treasures we have yet to discover. This book is full of lists and also full of tributes to the power and beauty of a reading life. I was hooked from the beginning.

So, I decided to start an in-person book club, and I unilaterally picked Book Girl to be the first book we would read together. I can’t wait for our first meeting later this month, so I also decided to write down some of my thoughts about Book Girl here on Semicolon. There are discussion questions in the back of the book, and I thought I’d answer a few of them here.

Book Girl Discussion Question #1: In the introduction, the author describes how she came to be a book girl. When did you realize you were a book girl? What people or circumstances contributed to your love of reading?

Well, the short answer is: I had a mother who read to me. The first story I remember clearly that my mom read to me was the story of Joseph from the book of Genesis in the Bible. That was such an exciting story!I could hardly wait to hear what would happen to Joseph and his brothers next. Would Joseph escape from Pharaoh’s prison? Would the brothers be able to return with food in time to relieve the famine-stricken family? Would Jacob ever find out that his beloved son was not really dead? What would Joseph do to revenge himself on his mean brothers? I don’t know if the reading of this and other stories from the Bible made me a “book girl,” but they certainly made me a Story Girl.

Then, in first grade, I learned to read. And my mother began to take me to the library each week. There I was allowed to check out ten books, only ten books, no more and certainly I never left with fewer than ten. I first fell in love with the Snipp, Snapp, Snurr books and the Flicka, Ricka, Dicka series by Maj Lindman. Then, I graduated to the Twins series by Lucy Fitch Perkins: The Irish Twins, The Dutch Twins, The Japanese Twins, and so on. Something about triplets and twins was absolutely fascinating to my six or seven year old mind.

So, that’s when I first became a book girl. My mother, my first grade teacher, Miss Milsap, and the children’s librarians at Tom Green County library in San Angelo, Texas all had a hand in making me into a girl who loved stories, a girl who loved to read, a girl who craved books. My mother probably didn’t read to me while I was still in the womb the way Sarah Clarkson says her mother did, but she began reading to me soon after I was born. And she kept on reading to me and enabling my book addiction as I grew up. How did you become a book girl or boy?

The Winged Girl of Knossos by Erick Berry

Erick Berry was the pen name of author, illustrator, and editor Evangel Allena Champlin Best. She wrote this book, based on the Greek myths about Icarus, Theseus, Ariadne, and Daidalos, and interestingly enough, for this female author with a male pseudonym, she turns Icarus, Daidalos’ son, into a daughter named Inas.

Inas, the protagonist of this myth retold as historical fiction, is a brave and daring character. She dives in the Aegean Sea for sponges. She assists the Princess Ariadne of Crete in her court intrigues and plots to save the life of the Greek captive Theseus. She uses the wings that her inventor father has built to glide from the cliffs down to the seashore. She is a bull-vaulter, taking part in the ancient games of skill that her countrymen celebrate. She helps her father to escape the wrath of King Minos when the king is misled into thinking that Daidalos is a traitor.

There is a bit of romance in the novel, and the characters do a bit more dithering about trying to decide what to do and how to do it than I would like. But overall the book is a lovely introduction to the culture and history of ancient Crete encased in an exciting adventure saga.

“Long, long before blind Homer sang his songs of ancient Troy, long even before Troy itself rose from the ashes of her past and fair Helen smiled from the towers of Ilium, Minos reigned in Crete. The broad halls of the palace at Knossos welcomed traders from Egypt and from Sicily, from far Africa and rain-swept Cornwall and the savage shores of the Black Sea, and Daidalos built the Labyrinth, and dark Ariadne loved the brown-haired Theseus.”

I was, of course, reminded as I read of my favorite adult historical fiction that retells the story of Theseus and Ariadne and Crete and the Labyrinth: The King Must Die and its sequel The Bull From the Sea, both by Mary Renault. In Ms. Berry’s 1934 Newbery Honor winning version of the myth, Theseus is a boorish hunk who captures Ariadne’s eye for gorgeousness more than her heart. I found this image of Theseus hard to reconcile with the suave, bold, and daring Theseus of Mary Renault’s books. Middle grade readers won’t have this problem—unless they encounter the Berry Theseus now and later try to make him into a more heroic character when they read Renault’s books.

At any rate, The Winged Girl of Knossos, long out of print and unavailable for most of today’s readers, was re-published in 2017 by Paul Dry Books in a beautiful paperback edition. This edition includes an after-afterword, called “an appreciation,” written by librarian and blogger Betsy Bird, who advocated for its reissue.

The Wonderful Winter by Marchette Chute

The Wonderful Winter is a wonderful story, exciting but fairly unrealistic in that the runaway protagonist, young Sir Robert Wakefield, mostly meets up with kind and helpful people as he spends the winter on his own in London. And he gets to act and live with Shakespeare’s company of actors in the first production of Mr. Shakespeare’s new play, Romeo and Juliet!

In 1596, orphan boy Robin Wakefield runs away from his home in Suffolk with his three formidable aunts because said aunts won’t let him keep the spaniel puppy he found and named Ruff Wakefield. He very politely leaves a note:

Dear and honored ladies,

Do not worry about me and the dog. We will be all right. I wish you long life and every happiness.

Your respectful nephew,
Robert Wakefield

By a series of choices and events, Robin ends up in London where he takes refuge from a thief, the only bad guy in the story, in the theater. And from that point on, we get to explore with Robin the lives of Shakespeare and his fellow players and the exciting culture of the Elizabethan theater.

The go-to historical fiction book about Shakespeare and his life and times is Gary Blackwood’s The Shakespeare Stealer. Comparing Blackwood’s book to The Wonderful Winter is difficult since I read The Shakespeare Stealer many, many moons ago. I would say either/or, and if you or your child like one you might enjoy the other. Other historical fiction books with a Shakespearean setting:

Shakespeare’s Scribe and Shakespeare’s Spy, both by Gary Blackwood. Sequels to The Shakespeare Stealer.

The Playmaker by J.B. Cheaney. Another runaway boy-joins-Shakepeare’s-company story. This time young Richard Malory is hiding out from enemy or enemies unknown at the Globe Theatre.

Cue for Treason by Geoffrey Trease. Peter and his friend Kit find jobs as apprentices to the Bard himself.

Mistress Malapert by Sally Watson. In this exciting story the runaway is a girl, Valerie, who dresses as a boy and gets to meet Mr. Shakespeare and various other personalities of the time. Sally Watson is especially good at writing spunky girls who manage to get themselves into all sorts of scrapes and adventures.