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The Black Cauldron by Lloyd Alexander

In his Author’s Note at the beginning of The Black Cauldron, Lloyd Alexander notes that “a darker thread runs through the high spirits” of this second novel in the Prydain series as compared to the first book, The Book of Three. The first book sent Taran, Assistant Pig-Keeper, on a quest to find the lost Hen-Wen and brought him to face the evil Horned King, servant of the Lord of Annuvin. This book involves another quest, darker indeed, to capture and destroy the Black Cauldron, birthplace of the deathless Cauldron-born warriors who also fight for Arawn, Lord of Annuvin. This journey is harder and longer and more perilous than the search for Hen-Wen, and Taran must face sacrifice, hardship and even death itself in his quest to end the power of the Black Cauldron.

But still there is Gurgi with his “smitings and bitings” and Fflewddur Fflam with his harp and Eilonwy, the girl with the sharp tongue and the golden bauble. And “good old Doli” joins the quest, reluctantly, to lend a bit of invisible help. New friends, or perhaps enemies, are Ellidyr, Prince of Pen-Larcau, and Adaon, Son of Taliesin. This second book in the Prydain series really picks up the pace of the story, and readers gain more insight into the characters of Taran and his companions and friends. The Black Cauldron is better than The Book of Three, which is a good book in its own right. That’s as it should be: in a series the books should get better, or else what’s a series for? Alexander writes in the Author’s Note, “[W]hile extending the story, I have also tried to deepen it.”

You can read The Black Cauldron as a stand alone book, but the books in this five book series are better read in chronological and publication sequence. The Prydain books, in order, are:

  • The Book of Three
  • The Black Cauldron
  • The Castle of Llyr
  • Taran Wanderer
  • The High King

The stories are inspired by Celtic and Welsh mythology, but they don’t follow any one folk tale or myth closely. Prydain is an imaginary realm, not Wales, and the characters in the book may remind one of Celtic heroes, but they are filtered through and created by Mr. Alexander’s imagination, illuminated by Celtic heroes. It’s a lovely set of stories.

These books can be borrowed by member families from Meriadoc Homeschool Library.

Shadow of a Bull by Maia Wojciechowska

This Newbery Award winning novel, set in Catalonia, in Spain, introduces readers to a culture and way of life that is foreign to most American children and may even be faded or fading fast in Spain itself. It’s an honor culture, and Manolo’s honor and that of his family depend on his becoming a great bullfighter like his deceased father before him.

“When Manolo was nine he became aware of three important facts in his life. First: the older he became, the more he looked like his father. Second: he, Manolo Oliver, was a coward. Third: everyone in the town of Arcangel expected him to grow up to be a famous bullfighter, like his father.”

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I wonder what it would be like to grow up in the shadow of a famous parent. I have the advantage of not knowing from experience what that would feel like. But I’m sure it must be suffocating. Shadow of a Bull shows the difficulty of such expectations as they impact the growth of a nine to eleven year old boy in a small town in Spain. But the lesson is universal. The expectations of others cannot be the determining factors in the maturing decisions of an individual. Community and culture are important, but so is individuality and one’s own moral judgment. Finding a way to reconcile a person’s own inner desires and ambitions with the expectations of community and family is one possible path to maturity.

The book is also about bull-fighting, but the bullfight is a device. Although bull-fighting is controversial—in Spanish bullfighting, the bull is almost always killed at the end of the bullfight—Shadow of a Bull never tries to make a case against bullfighting itself. All the details are there, and they are somewhat gory (animal lovers beware!), but the conflict is not Manolo against the sport of bullfighting. Manolo’s conflict is within himself: how can he prove to himself that he is not a coward and yet not be forced to become, in essence, a reincarnation of his famous father? Manolo must fight his first bull in order to show himself that he is courageous, not a slave to his fear, but if he does fight the bull, he has started down a path that will lead only to more and more bullfights, not Manolo’s goal at all.

Finally, Shadow of a Bull is a story about a boy who finds his courage to become the person he is meant to be.

This book can be borrowed by member families from Meriadoc Homeschool Library.

1965: Events and Inventions

February 18, 1965. The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.

March 20, 1965. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 begins. This conflict becomes known as the Second Kashmir War fought by India and Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir, the first having been fought in 1947.

'1965 Volkswagen Beetle Ad - Australia' photo (c) 2011, Dave - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/March 31, 1965. U.S. President Lyndon Johnson sends 3500 Marines to protect the South Vietnamese air base at Da Nang from attacks by the communist Vietcong.

April 24-28, 1965. Civil war breaks out in the Dominican Republic. President Lyndon B. Johnson sends U.S. troops to the Caribbean nation “for the stated purpose of protecting U.S. citizens and preventing an alleged Communist takeover of the country”, thus thwarting the possibility of “another Cuba”.

April 29, 1965. Australian government announces it will send troops to Vietnam.

'Da Nang 1965 (4)' photo (c) 2011, Woody Hibbard - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/July 28, 1965. U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000, and to more than double the number of men drafted per month – from 17,000 to 35,000.

August 9, 1965. Singapore is expelled from the Federation of Malaysia, which recognizes Singapore as a sovereign nation. Lee Kuan Yew announces Singapore’s independence and assumes the position of Prime Minister of the new island nation.

October, 1965. An attempted communist coup fails in Indonesia. In response to the attempted government takeover, the Indonesian army sweeps through the countryside and are aided by locals in killing suspected communists. The number of people killed across Indonesia is anywhere from 78,000 to one million. President Sukarno remains in power, but the events of 1965 lead to his downfall in 1967.

November 11, 1965. The (white) Rhodesian Government, led by Prime Minister Ian Smith, severs its links with the British Crown. Mr. Smith makes the Unilateral Declaration of Independence. His address to the people of Rhodesia says he has taken the action, “so that dignity and freedom of all may be assured.” Over four million black Rhodesians will have no power in the new government.

December 30, 1965. Ferdinand Marcos is inaugurated as president of the Philippines.

Cost of Living in 1965
Average Cost of new house $13,600.00
Average Income per year $6,450.00
Gasoline per Gallon 31 cents
Average Cost of a new car $2,650.00
Loaf of bread 21 cents